Classification of dangerous and harmful factors

Classification of dangerous and harmful factors is the basis for analysis and identification of dangerous and harmful factors. There are many ways to classify dangerous and harmful factors, and there are mainly two methods:

1. Classify according to the direct causes of accidents and occupational hazards

(1) Physical dangers and harmful factors

1) Defects in equipment and facilities
Insufficient strength, insufficient rigidity, poor stability, poor sealing, stress concentration, appearance defects, exposed moving parts, brake defects, and other defects in equipment and facilities.

2) Protection defects
No protection, defects in protective devices and facilities, improper protection, improper support, insufficient protection distance, and other protection defects.

3) Electricity
Exposed live parts, leakage, lightning, static electricity, sparks, and other electrical hazards.

4) Noise
Mechanical noise, electromagnetic noise, hydrodynamic noise, and other noise.

5) Vibration
Mechanical vibration, electromagnetic vibration, hydrodynamic vibration, and other vibrations.

6) Electromagnetic radiation
Ionizing radiation: X-rays, g-rays, alpha particles, beta particles, protons, neutrons, high-energy electron beams, etc.; non-ionizing radiation: ultraviolet, laser, radio frequency radiation, ultra-high voltage electric fields.

7) Moving animals
Solid projectiles, liquid splashes, rebounds, rock and soil sliding, material stack sliding, air flow, impact ground pressure, and other moving object hazards.

8) Open flame

9) High temperature substances that can cause burns
High-temperature gas, high-temperature solid, high-temperature liquid, and other high-temperature substances.

10) Low temperature substances that can cause frostbite
Low-temperature gases, low-temperature solids, low-temperature liquids, and other low-temperature substances.

11) Dust and aerosol
Excludes explosive and toxic dusts and aerosols.

12) Poor working environment
Chaotic working environment, foundation sinking, safety aisle defects, poor lighting, harmful light, poor ventilation, hypoxia, poor air quality, poor water supply and drainage, water intrusion, forced posture, too high temperature, too low temperature, too high air pressure, Low air pressure, high temperature and high humidity, natural disasters, and other adverse working environments.

13) Signal defects
No signal facilities, improper signal selection, improper signal location, unclear signals, inaccurate signal display, and other signal defects.

14) Logo defects
No signs, unclear signs, irregular signs, improper selection of signs, defective sign positions, and other sign defects.

15) Other physical dangers and harmful factors

(2) Chemical hazards and harmful factors

1) Flammable and explosive substances
Flammable and explosive gases, flammable and explosive liquids, flammable and explosive solids, flammable and explosive dusts and aerosols, and other flammable and explosive substances.

2) Self-igniting substances

3) Toxic substances
Toxic gases, toxic liquids, toxic solids, toxic dusts and aerosols, and other toxic substances.

4) Corrosive substances
Corrosive gases, corrosive liquids, corrosive solids, and other corrosive substances.

5) Other chemical hazards and harmful factors

(3) Biological dangers and harmful factors

1) Pathogenic microorganisms
Bacteria, viruses, and other pathogenic microorganisms.

2) Infectious disease vectors

3) Harmful to animals

4) Harmful to plants

5) Other biological risks and harmful factors

(4) Psychological and physiological risks and harmful factors

1) Load exceeds limit
The physical load exceeds the limit, the hearing load exceeds the limit, the visual load exceeds the limit, and other loads exceed the limit.

2) Abnormal health status

3) Engage in forbidden tasks

4) Psychological abnormality
Emotional abnormalities, risk taking, excessive stress, and other psychological abnormalities.

5) Identify functional defects
Perception delays, recognition errors, and other recognition function defects.

6) Other psychological and physiological risks and harmful factors

(5) Behavioral risks and harmful factors

1) Command error
Command errors, command violations, and other command errors.

2) Operational errors
Misoperation, illegal operation, and other operational errors.

3) Monitoring errors

4) Other errors

5) Other behavioral risks and harmful factors

6) Other dangerous and harmful factors

2. Classify according to accident category

(1) Object strike
It refers to the movement of objects under the action of gravity or other external forces, hitting the human body and causing personal casualties. It does not include strikes caused by mechanical equipment, vehicles, hoisting machinery, collapse, etc.

(2) Vehicle damage
Refers to accidents involving human body falls and object collapse, falling, and crushing casualties caused by the company's motor vehicles while driving, excluding accidents that occur when lifting equipment, towing vehicles, and vehicles are stopped.

(3) Mechanical damage
Refers to injuries such as pinching, collision, shearing, involvement, twisting, grinding, cutting, stabbing, etc. caused by direct contact between moving (stationary) parts, tools, and workpieces of mechanical equipment and the human body. It does not include mechanical injuries caused by vehicles and lifting machinery. .

(4) Lifting injury
Refers to squeezing, falling, (sling, lifting) object strikes and electric shocks that occur during various lifting operations (including crane installation, maintenance, and testing).

(5) Electric shock
Including lightning casualties.

(6) Drowning
This includes falling from heights and drowning, but does not include drowning due to water penetration in mines and underground mines.

  (7) Burning
Refers to flame burns, burns from high-temperature objects, chemical burns (internal and external burns caused by acids, alkalis, salts, and organic substances), physical burns (internal and external burns caused by light, radioactive substances), excluding burns caused by electrical burns and fires.

(8) Fire

(9) Falling from height
Refers to casualties caused by falling while working at heights, excluding electric shock and falling accidents.

(10)Collapse
Refers to accidents caused by an object exceeding its own strength limit or damage to structural stability under the action of external force or gravity, such as earth and rock collapse during trenching, collapse of scaffolding, collapse of piles, etc. It is not applicable to mine roof roofs and vehicles. , lifting machinery, collapse caused by blasting.

(11) Top-fake gang

(12) Water permeable

(13) Explosion
Refers to casualties that occur during blasting operations.

(14) Gunpowder explosion
Refers to explosion accidents that occur during the production, processing, transportation and storage of gunpowder, explosives and their products.

(15) Gas explosion
(16) Boiler explosion
(17) Container explosion
(18) Other explosions
(19) Poisoning and suffocation
(20) Other injuries

Methods to identify dangerous and harmful factors

1. Intuitive empirical analysis method

(1) Comparison and experience method
The comparison and experience method is a method of analyzing the dangerous and harmful factors of the enterprise by comparing it with relevant standards, regulations, checklists or relying on the observation and analysis ability of analysts, with the help of experience and judgment.

(2) Analogy method
  The analogy method is to use the experience of the same or similar engineering systems or operating conditions and the statistical data of labor safety and health to make analogies and analyze the dangerous and harmful factors of the enterprise.

2. System security analysis method

System safety analysis method is to apply certain methods in system safety engineering evaluation to identify dangerous and harmful factors.
System safety analysis methods are often used for newly developed systems that are complex and have no accident experience. Commonly used system safety analysis methods include event trees, fault trees, etc.